You can find a list of tools to work under Windows 10 on the Software equivalents page.

If you need to test some functionalities of Windows on your machine, Microsoft delivers official evaluation VMs valid for 2 months.

If you want to automate things under Windows there is the PowerShell language you can use, that offers strong proximity with the system.

If you want to have a Linux development environment under Windows, you can use the Bash for Windows (WSL), or set a Vagrant configuration, that works with VirtualBox and offers full VM configuration of any Linux distribution.

You may also prefer to work with Docker for Windows, with Linux support.

# Chocolatey install
PS(Admin) > Set-ExecutionPolicy Bypass -Scope Process -Force; iex ((New-Object System.Net.WebClient).DownloadString('https://chocolatey.org/install.ps1'))
 
# Scoop install (more "unix-flavored")
PS(User) > iex (new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://get.scoop.sh')

PS(Admin) >
# for a new pc
choco install -y libreoffice notepadplusplus vlc sumatrapdf irfanview 7zip wiztree
 
# for developers
choco install -y  git cmder vscode vagrant virtualbox docker
 
 
PS(Admin) > scoop install wget curl sudo ruby python
 
# If you installed Git, you can access Bash from anywhere in Powershell
PS > & 'C:\Program Files\Git\bin\sh.exe'